In April, State Street updated its long-term asset class forecasts. The S&P 500 (^GSPC +0.29%) is projected to return 7.1% annually during the next three to five years, while the S&P Small Cap 600 and MSCI Emerging Markets indexes are projected to return 7.6% and 7.5% annually, respectively.
Investors can get exposure to those indexes by purchasing shares of the Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF (VIOO +0.26%) and the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (EEM +0.15%). Here are the important details.
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Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF
The Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF tracks 600 U.S. companies that meet the definition of small-cap stock, which currently includes equities with market values ranging from $1.2 billion to $8 billion. The index fund owns stocks from all 11 market sectors, but its assets are concentrated in financial (18%), industrial (17%), consumer discretionary (13%), and technology (12%) stocks.
The five largest positions in the Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF are as follows.
- Eastman Chemical: 0.5%
- Element Solutions: 0.5%
- Primoris Services: 0.5%
- Viavi Solutions: 0.5%
- Argan: 0.4%
The Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF returned 180% (10.8% annually) in the past decade, while the S&P 500 posted a total return of 315% (15.2% annually). One reason small-cap stocks underperformed during that period was high interest rates, which typically have a disproportionate impact on small businesses because they rely more heavily on floating-rate debt.
The Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF has a reasonable expense ratio of 0.07%, meaning shareholders will pay $7 annually over every $10,000 invested. While that is well below the average for U.S. index funds, it is still more expensive than the 0.03% expense ratio of the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF.
Vanguard Admiral Funds – Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF
Today’s Change
(0.26%) $0.33
Current Price
$127.05
Key Data Points
Day’s Range
$126.41 – $127.39
52wk Range
$93.00 – $127.39
Volume
182
iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF
The iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF tracks about 1,225 companies across emerging market economies. It’s most heavily exposed to China, Taiwan, South Korea, and India, but also includes stocks from Brazil, South Africa, and Saudi Arabia. The fund has a large percentage of its assets invested in three sectors: technology (32%), financials (21%), and consumer discretionary (10%).
The five largest positions in the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF are as follows.
- Taiwan Semiconductor: 14.1%
- Samsung Electronics: 6%
- SK Hynix: 4%
- Tencent: 3.2%
- Alibaba Group: 2.3%
The iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF returned 133% (8.8% annually) in the last decade, while the S&P 500 posted a total return of 315% (15.2% annually). The primary reason U.S. stocks outperformed over that period was the dominance of U.S. technology stocks, particularly the “Magnificent Seven” stocks.
The iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF has a relatively high expense ratio of 0.72%, which means investors will pay $72 annually on every $10,000 invested in the fund.
Why investors should still prioritize an S&P 500 index fund (or U.S. large-cap stocks)
State Street believes U.S. small-cap stocks will beat the S&P 500 (U.S. large-cap stocks) in the next three to five years because of cheaper valuations and strong earnings growth. Indeed, small-cap earnings in 2026 are forecast to grow faster than large-cap earnings for the first time in years, according to FactSet Research.
However, small-cap companies are also more vulnerable to high interest rates, and the Iran war has made interest rate cuts much less likely. Investors entered the year expecting the Federal Reserve to cut rates by at least 50 basis points, so the Vanguard S&P Small-Cap 600 ETF has more than doubled the return of the S&P 500 in 2026. But if rate cuts fail to materialize, that outperformance could reverse.
Meanwhile, State Street also believes emerging market equities will outperform the S&P 500 over the next three to five years due to the devaluation of the U.S. dollar (which increases investment returns denominated in foreign currencies when converted back to U.S. currency), strong earnings growth, and relatively cheap valuations.
However, the vast majority of the largest technology companies are domiciled in the U.S., which means the U.S. economy is arguably best positioned to benefit from the artificial intelligence revolution. In turn, U.S. stocks (especially large-cap stocks in the S&P 500) may continue to outperform emerging market equities in the coming years.
Here’s the bottom line: I think State Street makes good arguments for owning small-cap and emerging market funds, but I would still prioritize an S&P 500 index fund (or U.S. large-cap stocks) over those options. The S&P 500 offers exposure to the most consequential companies in the world, which makes it a very compelling long-term investment.